The choice of high performance materials for process equipment and structures is primarily determined by the nature of the stress, temperature, and corrosion exposure. In the manufacturing industries, titanium round bar for projects in Italy are rolled according to ASTM B348 consisting of Grades 1, 2, 5, and 9 with sizes from 8 mm to 250 mm in the hot-rolled, forged, and precision-ground shapes.

Each grade of titanium displays different mechanical behavior with Grade 2 being highly ductile and corrosion resistant whereas grade 5 is capable of offering a high tensile strength suitable for load bearing shafts and connectors. The package of documents for compliance always specifies the chemical composition limits, ultrasonic test results, and surface condition reports for the aerospace and chemical industries.

Parts machined from a titanium bar are often assembled with stainless steel fasteners in pressure vessels, heat exchangers, and rotating machines. Designers are always mindful of the fact that thermal expansion mismatch, correct torque values, and thread class tolerances as per ASME are factors that influence the strength of their joints, which must be able to withstand cyclic loading and high operating temperatures. ASTM A193 GRADE B8 FASTENER which is a product of austenitic stainless steel (mostly Type 304 or 316) available in sizes from 1/4 inch to 3 inches is the typical choice for fastening in the United States and is specified in the laboratories for its uniform hardness and good oxidation resistance during flange connections at moderate temperatures. 

Compatibility with ASTM A194 accompanying nuts, heat treatment cycles, thread rolling operations, and full traceability records ensures the creation of a safe environment for the assemblies, the repetition of the initial torque, and the long-term endurance of the units in refineries, power plants, and chemical plants worldwide. Thoroughly tested operation environments and tightly controlled engineering supply chains in highly competitive global markets are a source of pride for all stakeholders.