The fabrication of pressure vessels and operation at high temperatures will need alloy steels and nickel-based materials whose chemical makeup and mechanical properties are tightly controlled. In heating units, the 16MO3 Plate is one of the common materials used by the manufacturers for heat exchangers and steam pipelines. It is even specified under EN 10028-2 with a chromium-molybdenum composition that is tailored to provide strength at elevated temperatures. Typical thicknesses are 6 mm to 100 mm, the material is supplied in the normalized state with tensile strength ranging from 440 to 590 MPa, and it has better resistance to creep as compared to regular carbon steels. Welding procedures are generally qualified to EN ISO standards because the alloy is very sensitive to changes in heat input as well as post weld heat treatment parameters. The fabricators of Dammam and Jubail area, in most cases, require tests for impact, ultrasonic inspection (UT), and pressing of the complete mill certificate to ensure that refinery and power generation project standards are met.

Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys are used to a great service life to resist the aggressive chemical environments of chemical processing; the cleaning of flue gases by scrubbing and offshore equipment subjected to chlorides and acidic media. Hastelloy C276 Plate, which is specified as UNS N10276 and manufactured in accordance with ASTM B575, has a design with large molybdenum and tungsten additions that will keep the metal from being pitted, stress in the corrosion cracking, and being affected or attacked by oxidizing agents. Thicknesses come generally up to 50 mm with the solution annealed state condition giving the best combination of corrosion performance and ductility. The engineering department in Riyadh, as a matter of fact, makes use of such material critically through pipingmaterial.sa which is a B2B platform that re-vents genuine buyers and trusted and verified suppliers. What the platform offers is the possibility of the technical comparison of the inspection reports, chemical composition data, and the services of customized cutting thus enhancing the procurement transparency of the industrial supply chain of Saudi Arabia.