Large scale industrial plants require the coordinated selection of piping and fastening materials to satisfy the design codes and service conditions. In procurement planning, Steel Pipe Suppliers in Saudi Arabia who are running projects in different parts of the Kingdom typically have in stock ASTM A53, ASTM A106 Grade B, and API 5L PSL1 and PSL2 pipes, which cover seamless, ERW, and LSAW types for both onshore and offshore networks. Size variation control is based on the standards of ASME B36.10 and B36.19 with nominal bores starting from the smallest size of 15 NB and getting up to 1200 NB and schedules going from SCH 5S to SCH XXS. The values of material mechanical characteristics such as yield strength, tensile strength, and Charpy impact test results, determine the selection of the material for gas transmission, firewater, and process utilities.

The piping assemblies meet up with flanges made to ASME B16.5 and B16.47 specifications, where the design of the bolting is made in such a way that it takes into consideration the gasket stress, preload loss, and thermal cycling. Fasteners are mostly made following the requirements of ASTM A193 B7, B16, or B8M, and they come together with the corresponding ASTM A194 nuts, thus, there could be both metric and imperial threading. Testing procedures encompass x-ray, ultrasonic checks, hydrostatic pressure tests, and chemical identification, which are made possible through the support of EN 10204, product mark traceability, and adherence to the stipulation of NACE MR0175 for the sour service pipelines which go through harsh operating conditions and have to follow strict integrity management during their lifecycle.

Where there is a high aggressiveness of the medium and where the chloride exposures are elevated, Duplex Bolts that have been taken to the UAE installations are of the grades UNS S31803 and S32205, which besides providing higher allowable stress, also better fatigue resistance and corrosion performance features than the austenitic alloys, thus, they are the perfect fit for desalination plants, offshore structures, and high-pressure flange joints.